MITRAL VALVE DISEASE
Mitral Regurgitation (MR) accounts for the vast majority of all mitral valve diseases.1 It has a prevalence of approximately 2% in the general population and is more common in the elderly population.3 Approximately 10% of people over the age of 70 have clinically meaningful MR.5
If left untreated, MR can lead to Heart Failure (HF), or deterioration of pre-existing HF, resulting in an increased number of hospital admissions and a substantial cost burden to health systems.6,8
MR is a progressive disease, and patients may remain asymptomatic even when the condition has become severe, as compensatory mechanisms develop.11
In some cases, the following symptoms may be experienced:9,10,18
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY is the basis for diagnosing Valvular Heart Disease (VHD), including MR.16
CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE (CMR) is a valuable diagnostic tool, especially in patients with limited echo quality, those whose MR severity is unclear, or those who require an evaluation of the myocardial anchoring of the atrioventricular valves.20
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) provides a detailed image of the valve anatomy, especially of the systolic and diastolic ventricle geometry. This information can be valuable for planning a catheter-based intervention.20
The diagnostic pathway of MR has changed over the past few years to align with new treatment options available with regard to transcatheter interventions.
Besides evaluating clinical symptoms like nausea and fatigue, auscultation of the heart is key to diagnosing MR and a detailed pre-operative characterization
of the mitral valve is key to procedural success.20
Connext
Hub
Hub
TV
Transcatheter Mitral Valve implant
Transcatheter Mitral Valve implant
T-TEER: Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair - cases, tips, and tricks
T-TEER: echo procedural approach
T-TEER: patient selection and current evidence
M-TEER: primary and secondary Mitral Regurgitation - cases, tips and tricks
M-TEER: echo procedural approach
M-TEER: patient selection and current evidence
Anatomical overview of the AV Valves
Screening Transmission | Mitral focus
HUB
Epic Mitral – 10-Year Clinical Outcomes
ACC 2023: COAPT™ trial
Tendyne™: 6-Year Outcomes
PCRLV 2021: Transcatheter mitral valve replacement
EuroEcho 2021: MR Treatment (Patient)
ESC 2022: FMR
EuroEcho 2021: MR Treatment (Evidence)
ESC 2021: HF & VHD Guidelines
EXPAND Study: Data overview
References
- Lung B, Baron G, Butchart EG, et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J.
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Working Groups on Cardiovascular Surgery and Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(2):133–9. doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv322. - Cahill TJ, Prothero A, Wilson J, et al. Community prevalence, mechanisms and outcome of mitral or tricuspid regurgitation. Heart. 2021;107(12):1003–9.
dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318482. - Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, et al. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet.
2012;380(9836):37–43. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2. - Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol.
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2012;76(4):801–8. doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-11-1462. - Healthcare Commission. Pushing the boundaries. Improving services for people with heart failure. 2007. Available at: webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20081006104707/
www.cqc.org.uk/_db/_documents/Pushing_the_boundaries_Improving_services_for_patients_with_heart_failure_200707020413.pdf (last accessed: 23 March 2023). - Braunschweig F, Cowie MR, Auricchio A. What are the costs of heart failure? Europace. 2011;13 Suppl 2:ii13–7. doi.org/10.1093/europace/eur081.
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2005;352(9):875–83. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041451. - Grigioni F, Tribouilloy C, Avierinos J-F, et al. Outcomes in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflets a multicenter European study. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging.
2008;1(2):133–41. doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2007.12.005. - McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the
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doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab395. - Gaasch WH, Meyer TE. Left ventricular response to mitral regurgitation: implications for management. Circulation. 2008;118(22):2298–2303.
doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.755942. - National Health Service. Mitral valve problems. 2020. Available at: www.nhs.uk/conditions/mitral-valve-problems(last accessed: March 2023).
- American Heart Association. Problem: Mitral Valve Regurgitation. 2016. Available at: www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valveproblems-and-causes/problem-mitral-valve-regurgitation (last accessed: March 2023).
- Spieker M, Kelm M, Westenfeld R. Moderne Diagnostik der Mitral- und Trikuspidalklappe – was ist wirklich notwendig? Aktuelle Kardiologie. 2017;6:265–70.
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- Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, 3 authors, et al.. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary:
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