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MITRAL VALVE DISEASE

Mitral Regurgitation (MR) accounts for the vast majority of all mitral valve diseases.1 It has a prevalence of approximately 2% in the general population and is more common in the elderly population.3 Approximately 10% of people over the age of 70 have clinically meaningful MR.5

If left untreated, MR can lead to Heart Failure (HF), or deterioration of pre-existing HF, resulting in an increased number of hospital admissions and a substantial cost burden to health systems.6,8

Traditional medical management of MR (both PMR and SMR) may, to an extent, relieve the symptoms of the condition, but is often insufficient at controlling the severity and progression of MR.21

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Transcatheter Mitral Valve implant

Transcatheter Mitral Valve implant : procedural and post-procedural echo guiding

Transcatheter Mitral Valve implant

Transcatheter Mitral Valve implant : patient selection and current evidence

T-TEER: Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair - cases, tips, and tricks

T-TEER: Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair - cases, tips, and tricks

T-TEER: echo procedural approach

T-TEER: echo procedural approach for Transcatheter Tricuspid Repair

T-TEER: patient selection and current evidence

T-TEER: patient selection and current evidence for TR Repair

M-TEER: primary and secondary Mitral Regurgitation - cases, tips and tricks

Mitral-TEER: primary and secondary Mitral Regurgitation - cases, tips and tricks

M-TEER: echo procedural approach

M-TEER: echo procedural approach for Transcatheter Mitral Repair

M-TEER: patient selection and current evidence

M-TEER: patient selection and current evidence for Mitral Regurgitation Repair

Anatomical overview of the AV Valves

Anatomical overview of the AV Valves and structures

Screening Transmission | Mitral focus

Screening Transmission | Mitral focus

F. Maisano, M. Swaans, M. Adam. M. Weber

HUB

Epic Mitral – 10-Year Clinical Outcomes

Ten-Year Follow-Up of Mitral Valve Replacement With the Epic Porcine Valve

ACC 2023: COAPT™ trial

ACC 2023: 5-year follow-up data from the COAPT™ trial

Tendyne™: 6-Year Outcomes

Tendyne™: 6-Year Outcomes of First-In-Man Experience with Tendyne™ Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement

PCRLV 2021: Transcatheter mitral valve replacement

PCRLV 2021: Transcatheter mitral valve replacement: patient selection & hemodynamic stability

EuroEcho 2021: MR Treatment (Patient)

EuroEcho 2021: Tailoring Transcatheter Mitral Regurgitation Treatment: The Patient

ESC 2022: FMR

ESC 2022: How do I manage my patient with functional mitral regurgitation?

EuroEcho 2021: MR Treatment (Evidence)

EuroEcho 2021: Tailoring Transcatheter Mitral Regurgitation Treatment: The Evidence

ESC 2021: HF & VHD Guidelines

ESC 2021: The Essentials of 2021 ESC Heart Failure and ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease

EXPAND Study: Data overview

Expand Study: Clinical Outcomes from the Global EXPAND Registry

References
  1. Lung B, Baron G, Butchart EG, et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J.
    2003;24(13):1231–43. doi.org/10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00201-X.
  2. De Bonis M, Al-Attar N, Antunes M, et al. Surgical and interventional management of mitral valve regurgitation: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology
    Working Groups on Cardiovascular Surgery and Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(2):133–9. doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv322.
  3. Cahill TJ, Prothero A, Wilson J, et al. Community prevalence, mechanisms and outcome of mitral or tricuspid regurgitation. Heart. 2021;107(12):1003–9.
    dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318482.
  4. Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, et al. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet.
    2012;380(9836):37–43. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2.
  5. Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol.
    1999;83(6):897–902. doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(98)01064-9.
  6. Alegria-Barrero E, Chan PH, Paulo M, et al. Edge-to-edge percutaneous repair of severe mitral regurgitation–state-of-the-art for Mitraclip™ implantation. Circ J.
    2012;76(4):801–8. doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-11-1462.
  7. Healthcare Commission. Pushing the boundaries. Improving services for people with heart failure. 2007. Available at: webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20081006104707/
    www.cqc.org.uk/_db/_documents/Pushing_the_boundaries_Improving_services_for_patients_with_heart_failure_200707020413.pdf (last accessed: 23 March 2023).
  8. Braunschweig F, Cowie MR, Auricchio A. What are the costs of heart failure? Europace. 2011;13 Suppl 2:ii13–7. doi.org/10.1093/europace/eur081.
  9. Pedrazzini GB, Faletra F, Vassalli G, et al. Mitral regurgitation. Swiss medical weekly. 2010;140(3–4):36–43. doi.org/10.4414/smw.2010.12893.
  10. Mayo Clinic. Mitral valve regurgitation. 2019. Available at: www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20350178
    (last accessed: March 2023).
  11. Sparano DM, Ward RP. Management of asymptomatic, severe mitral regurgitation. Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine. 2012;14(6):575-83.
  12. Cioffi G, Tarantini L, De Feo S, et al. Functional mitral regurgitation predicts 1-year mortality in elderly patients with systolic chronic heart failure. Euro J Heart Fail.
    2005;7(7):1112–7. doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.01.016.
  13. Enriquez-Sarano M, Avierinos J-F, Messika-Zeitoun D, et al. Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med.
    2005;352(9):875–83. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041451.
  14. Grigioni F, Tribouilloy C, Avierinos J-F, et al. Outcomes in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflets a multicenter European study. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging.
    2008;1(2):133–41. doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2007.12.005.
  15. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the
    diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA)
    of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599–3726. doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.
  16. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease: Developed by the Task Force for the management of
    valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Euro Heart J. 2022;43(7):561–632.
    doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab395.
  17. Gaasch WH, Meyer TE. Left ventricular response to mitral regurgitation: implications for management. Circulation. 2008;118(22):2298–2303.
    doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.755942.
  18. National Health Service. Mitral valve problems. 2020. Available at: www.nhs.uk/conditions/mitral-valve-problems(last accessed: March 2023). 
  19. American Heart Association. Problem: Mitral Valve Regurgitation. 2016. Available at: www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valveproblems-and-causes/problem-mitral-valve-regurgitation (last accessed: March 2023).
  20. Spieker M, Kelm M, Westenfeld R. Moderne Diagnostik der Mitral- und Trikuspidalklappe – was ist wirklich notwendig? Aktuelle Kardiologie. 2017;6:265–70.
    doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-115534.
  21. Young A, Feldman T. Percutaneous mitral valve repair. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2014;16(1):443. doi.org/10.1007/s11886-013-0443-6.
  22. Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, 3 authors, et al.. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary:
    A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e35–e71.
    doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000932.
  23. Ling LH, Enriquez-Sarano M, Seward JB, et al. Clinical outcome of mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(19):1417-1423.
    doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199611073351902.
  24. Mirabel M, Iung B, Baron G, et al. What are the characteristics of patients with severe, symptomatic, mitral regurgitation who are denied surgery? Eur Heart J.
    2007;28(11):1358–65. doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehm001.
  25. Nielsen SL. Current status of transcatheter mitral valve repair therapies - From surgical concepts towards future directions. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2016;50(5-6):367-376. doi.org/10.1080/14017431.2016.1248482
  26. Asgar AW, Mack MJ, Stone GW. Secondary mitral regurgitation in heart failure: pathophysiology, prognosis, and therapeutic considerations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(12):1231–1248. doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.009
  27. Iung B, Baron G, Tornos P, et al. Valvular heart disease in the community: a European experience. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2007;32(11):609-661. doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2007.07.002
  28. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895–e1032. doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063
  29. Coats AJS, Anker SD, Baumbach A, Alfieri O, von Bardeleben RS, Bauersachs J, et al. The management of secondary mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure: a joint position statement from the Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), and European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC. Euro Heart J. 2021;42(13):1254–1269. doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab086

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